FBI contacted phone monitoring firm about software

FILE - In this Dec. 14, 2011 file photo, FBI Director Robert Mueller testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington. A senior executive at a technology company that makes monitoring software secretly installed on 141 million cell phones told The Associated Press on Thursday that the FBI approached his company about using its technology but was rebuffed, one day after FBI Director Robert Mueller assured Congress that agents ?neither sought nor obtained any information? from the company. The disclosure will likely inflame suspicion about the monitoring tool and its usefulness to the U.S. government. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)

FILE - In this Dec. 14, 2011 file photo, FBI Director Robert Mueller testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington. A senior executive at a technology company that makes monitoring software secretly installed on 141 million cell phones told The Associated Press on Thursday that the FBI approached his company about using its technology but was rebuffed, one day after FBI Director Robert Mueller assured Congress that agents ?neither sought nor obtained any information? from the company. The disclosure will likely inflame suspicion about the monitoring tool and its usefulness to the U.S. government. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? A senior executive at a technology company that makes monitoring software secretly installed on 141 million cellphones said Thursday that the FBI approached the company about using its technology but was rebuffed. The disclosure came one day after FBI Director Robert Mueller assured Congress that agents "neither sought nor obtained any information" from the company, Carrier IQ.

The company's statement will likely inflame suspicion about the monitoring tool and its usefulness to the U.S. government.

Andrew Coward, vice president of marketing for Carrier IQ of Mountain View, Calif., told The Associated Press that the FBI is the only law enforcement agency that has contacted the company. Coward would not say when, why or how often the FBI has reached out to Carrier IQ, but he said the company is not working with the bureau. "There is no relationship between us and the FBI," Coward said.

During an oversight hearing Wednesday, Mueller told the Senate Judiciary Committee that the FBI "neither sought nor obtained any information from Carrier IQ in any one of our investigations." Mueller was responding to a question by Sen. Al Franken, D-Minn., chairman of the committee's privacy and technology panel, who has said collecting personal information from people's cellphones could violate federal law.

FBI spokesman Michael Kortan said in an emailed statement that the bureau's technical staff "communicates routinely with many technology companies, including Carrier IQ, relative to new and emerging technologies and capabilities."

The company's technology is designed as a diagnostic tool that gives mobile telephone companies the ability to gather and analyze information that helps them improve the performance of devices that operate on their networks, Carrier IQ said. The software is typically installed by the phone company or the manufacturer of the handset.

Most cellphone users were unaware the company or its software existed until last month when a security researcher, Trevor Eckhart, posted online a video he made showing how keystrokes and messages from his smartphone were logged by the Carrier IQ software.

Eckhart said the software is hard to detect and difficult to turn off. Other researchers who subsequently studied Carrier IQ's software said it does not appear to transmit the contents of emails or text messages but captures detailed information about recipients or destinations of messages, the physical location from where messages were sent or received and details such as the phone's battery level.

Even before Thursday's disclosure by Carrier IQ about the FBI contacting the company, the FBI had fueled questions about whether it sought to use the monitoring software in federal investigations or even whether it was investigating Carrier IQ. The FBI denied a request the AP made on Dec. 2 for internal documents about its interactions with Carrier IQ, citing a provision in the Freedom of Information Act that excludes from disclosure any documents relevant to a "pending or prospective law enforcement proceeding." The FBI also told the AP that releasing the records that it sought could "reasonably be expected to interfere with the enforcement proceedings."

The AP had asked for copies of correspondence from FBI officials requesting access to information stored on Carrier IQ's servers or asking questions about such information. The AP also requested copies of records indicating visits by FBI officials to Carrier IQ's offices and the results of any testing performed by the FBI on Carrier IQ's technology.

Eckhart's online video sparked concerns among privacy advocates about which information Carrier IQ's software is recording and who can view it. In late November, Franken wrote to Carrier IQ's president and asked him to answer a series of questions by Dec. 14 about the kind of data that the software can collect, how long the data is stored and whether any of this information is shared with third parties.

"These actions may violate federal privacy laws, including the Electronic Communications Privacy Act and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act," Franken wrote. "This is potentially a very serious matter."

A few days later, Rep. Edward Markey of Massachusetts, co-chairman of the Congressional Bipartisan Privacy Caucus, asked the Federal Trade Commission whether it was investigating "the installation of software that secretly tracks and reports back the activities of cellphone users."

Earlier this week, Carrier IQ sought to contain the damage by organizing meetings with officials at the FTC, the Federal Communications Commission and several Senate offices, including Franken's, to explain what the software is intended to do. The company said it is not aware of an official investigation into its products or practices.

"Our data is not designed for law enforcement agencies and to our knowledge has never been used by law enforcement agencies," the company said in a statement. "Carrier IQ have no rights to the data gathered and have not passed data to third parties. Should a law enforcement agency request data from us, we would refer them to the network operators. To date and to our knowledge we have received no such requests."

The company posted a 19-page statement on its website that explains what its software does. It said the only data collected is to help solve common problems, such as batteries that drain too quickly or calls that fail to connect.

The software, called IQ Agent, typically transmits 200 kilobytes of diagnostic data ? the equivalent of 50 typed pages ? once each day when the phone is not being used, the company said, but decisions about what information to collect and how it is analyzed is determined by the phone companies and the agreements they have with their customers.

___

Online:

Carrier IQ: http://www.carrieriq.com/

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/495d344a0d10421e9baa8ee77029cfbd/Article_2011-12-15-US-FBI-Phone-Tracking-Software/id-4a1e50b47f604924b8526a755a839229

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Banorte Pioneering Institution in Impact Investing in Mexico ...

(3BL Media / theCSRfeed) - December 15, 2011 -?Impact?investing?is?the?investment strategy,?aimed at?creating?social and/or environmental?benefits, as well as,?a?financial performance.?Impact investing?differs from charity,?and examples?are, renewable energy, sustainable agriculture,?low-income housing, recycling,?among others.

For?Banorte,?as?an institution committed to?social responsibility?is important to?support initiatives that?aim at consolidating the?impact investing?in Mexico, through?which it?promotes investment and?development that?benefits society?at large.
?
As?Banorte, New?Ventures?Mexico, U.S.?Mexico Foundation?and?Angel?Ventures?Mexico participate?as?Founding Partners.?Other members of this?exclusive network?are?AVINA,?Social?Promoter?Mexico, Adobe?Capital,?Spectron, and?Halloran?Philanthropies.
?
Some?facts about?TONIIC:?

? More than 250?investment opportunities?were referred to TONIIC?in its?first year.

? So far?it has?29 members?from 5 countries.

??TONIIC?represents more than?$100 million?USD?capital?investment

? 12?investments?over $3 million?USD?available for some?of it

??10 companies?are presented monthly?to TONIIC?U.S.?investors.

TONIIC?was founded?in late?2010 in?San?Francisco?CA?with the support?of important?partners such as?Legacy?Works,?RSF?Social?Finance,?Agora?Partnerships, Global?Impact Investing?Network (Giina) and?Unresonable?Institute,?among others.?In less?than a year?created?TONIIC?USA,?Europe and now?TONIIC?Mexico, soon?TONIIC?United Kingdom, Brazil?and India.
?
Grupo Financiero Banorte (?GFNorte?) is one of the leading financial institutions in Mexico. After the merger with Ixe, it has a network of more than 1,300 branches, over 6,200 ATMs and more than 73,000 point of sale terminals (POSs). GFNorte offers banking services, premium banking, Wholesale banking, and through its correspondent agreements with Telecomm-Telegraph and 7-Eleven Mexico, to more than 9.1 million clients and almost 8 million through its subsidiaries that provide a full range of banking, brokerage services, insurance, asset management, retirement savings fund, leasing, factoring and warehousing. GFNorte also has presence in the US Hispanic market through the Texas based Inter National Bank, and the remittance companies Motran and Uniteller located in California and New Jersey, respectively.
?
BAN19620?

Source: http://3blmedia.com/theCSRfeed/Banorte-Pioneering-Institution-Impact-Investing-Mexico-Participates-Founding-Partner-TONI

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Summitt, Krzyzewski honored by Sports Illustrated

In this image provided by Sports Illustrated, NCAA college basketball coaches Pat Summitt, of Tennessee, and Mike Krzyzewski, of Duke, are seen on the upcoming Dec. 12, 2011, cover of Sports Illustrated, which named them Sportswoman and Sportsman of the Year. (AP Photo/Sports Illustrated) NO SALES MANDATORY CREDIT FOR USE DEC. 5-13

In this image provided by Sports Illustrated, NCAA college basketball coaches Pat Summitt, of Tennessee, and Mike Krzyzewski, of Duke, are seen on the upcoming Dec. 12, 2011, cover of Sports Illustrated, which named them Sportswoman and Sportsman of the Year. (AP Photo/Sports Illustrated) NO SALES MANDATORY CREDIT FOR USE DEC. 5-13

NEW YORK (AP) ? Pat Summitt and Mike Krzyzewski were selected Monday as Sports Illustrated's sportswoman and sportsman of the year.

The two Hall of Famers are the winningest coaches in women's and men's college basketball.

Tennessee's Summitt announced in August she had been diagnosed with early onset dementia, Alzheimer's type. She pledged to keep coaching and show others they can live their lives with the disease. She earned her 1,075th career victory Sunday.

Duke's Krzyzewski passed mentor Bob Knight on Nov. 15 when he won his 903rd game.

Time Inc. Sports Group editor Terry McDonell lauded Summitt and Krzyzewski as "transcendent figures."

"The voices of those who have been inspired by Pat Summitt and Mike Krzyzewski echo from everywhere and will continue for decades," he said.

The magazine said they joined UCLA's John Wooden in 1972 and North Carolina's Dean Smith in 1997 as the only college basketball coaches to receive the honor.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2011-12-05-Sportsman%20of%20the%20Year/id-efb9433787a54f01a8f5ffde1bf25d03

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EU in antitrust probe of Apple, e-book publishers (AP)

BRUSSELS ? The European Union's antitrust watchdog is probing whether Apple helped five major publishing houses illegally raise prices for e-books when it launched its iPad tablet and iBookstore in 2010.

The probe, announced Tuesday by the European Commission, offers a glimpse into the fierce fight for shares of the growing e-book market, especially as Apple has tried to take on Amazon and its Kindle e-book reader. It also highlights the struggle for profits between retailers and publishers, as more and more readers download books electronically.

In particular, the Commission is investigating a significant shift in the way the price of e-books is determined that occurred in 2010, just as Cupertino, California-based Apple introduced the iPad and its own online bookshop, iBookstore.

Apple was the first retailer that allowed publishers to move to so-called agency agreements, which let publishers set the price that online bookshops sell e-books to consumers. Until then, publishers were able to set the wholesale price of e-books, while retailers decided what price to sell them on to readers.

"The Commission has concerns that these practices may breach EU antitrust rules that prohibit cartels and restrictive business practices," the regulator said in a statement.

Giving publishers the power to set retail prices could effectively restrict competition between online bookshops, since it takes away individual retailers' powers to set lower prices. Since Apple's deal with the publishers, several other online retailers have also shifted to the agency model, possibly in an attempt to secure the rights to sell popular e-books.

The EU investigation targets publishers Hachette Livre, a unit of France's Lagardere Publishing; Harper Collins, owned by Rupert Murdoch's U.S.-based News Corp.; CBS Corp.'s Simon & Schuster; Penguin, which is owned by U.K. publishing house Pearson Group; and Germany's Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck, which owns Macmillan.

The Commission stressed the probe was in its early stages and did not mean the companies actually broke EU competition law. It follows a similar investigation by Britain's Office of Fair Trading and a class action lawsuit against the same five publishers and Apple filed this summer in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California.

The U.K. agency on Tuesday closed its own probe, since the Commission has taken over the case, but said it was cooperating closely with the EU investigation. It said its investigation was triggered by several complaints, without naming any names.

Apple representative Bethan Lloyd said the company would decline to comment at this time.

Pearson said the fact that the Commission has opened a probe did not prejudge its outcome. "Pearson does not believe it has breached any laws, and will continue to fully and openly cooperate with the Commission," it said.

Holtzbrinck echoed that statement, saying it found the Commission's case "without reason."

HarperCollins and Simon & Schuster said they are cooperating with the investigation, while Hachette Livre declined to comment.

The e-book market has been dominated by Amazon.com Inc. and its Kindle reader, with both Apple and Barnes & Noble's Nook reader fighting to break in.

In a summary of its complaint, the U.S. law firm Hagens Berman, which filed the U.S. class-action suit, claims that "Apple believed that it needed to neutralize the Kindle when it entered the e-book market with its own e-reader, the iPad, and feared that one day the Kindle might challenge the iPad by digitally distributing other media like music and movies."

The lawsuit also alleges that, following Apple's deals, Amazon was forced to abandon its discount pricing model and move to the agency model.

___

Robert Barr in London, Hillel Italie in New York, Elaine Ganley in Paris, and Kirsten Grieshaber in Berlin contributed to this report.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/topstories/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111206/ap_on_hi_te/eu_ebooks_antitrust_probe

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McCain: Hispanic vote 'up for grabs' (AP)

WASHINGTON ? Sen. John McCain said Sunday that the potentially powerful Hispanic vote in the upcoming presidential election remains "up for grabs" because neither President Barack Obama nor Republicans have convinced these voters that they are on their side.

The one-time GOP presidential hopeful, whose own 2008 candidacy was shaped in part by immigration, said that large Hispanic populations in his home state of Arizona and elsewhere are listening carefully to what Republican candidates have to say on immigration and could become a "major factor" in 2012.

"I think that the Republican party has to discuss this issue in as humane way as possible," he said. He later added, "the enthusiasm on the part of Hispanics for President Obama is dramatically less than it was in 2008, because he has not fulfilled his campaign promises either. So I view the Hispanic vote up for grabs."

McCain comment, on CNN's "State of the Union," is a warning to the GOP primary candidates who have mostly embraced a hardline on immigration, lest they be accused of supporting any kind of "amnesty" for the some 12 million illegal immigrants estimated to be living in the U.S. Newt Gingrich was most recently attacked by his opponents for saying he would grant legal status to those with longstanding family and community ties; he has since endorsed a South Carolina law that allows police to demand a person's immigration status.

McCain said he believes the Hispanic vote could sway Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico. The key, he said, was for Republicans to address immigration in a humane and pragmatic way that every voter could appreciate. More specifically, McCain said, GOP presidential candidates should find a way to address the status of illegal immigrants already in the country while finding a way to secure the border to deter others from crossing the border.

"It's a careful balance of addressing this issue, which I think the majority of Hispanics would appreciate. . . . We have to have empathy. We have to have concern. We have to have a plan," he said.

In 2008, McCain watched his own standing in the election suffer when he backed a plan to give some illegal immigrants an eventual path to citizenship.

Gingrich has challenged his GOP opponents to come up with their own plans for dealing with the millions inside the U.S. illegally.

"What is it that you're going to do? Are you really going to go in and advocate ripping people out of their families?" he said.

In 2008, Mitt Romney had supported the idea of allowing some illegal immigrants to sign up for permanent residency or citizenship. More recently, he has said it would be a "mistake" for the GOP to allow anyone to "jump ahead of the line" and characterized Gingrich's approach as a "doorway" to amnesty.

In the interview Sunday, McCain declined to comment on the position of individual candidates. "I respect the views of the voters," he said.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/politics/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111204/ap_on_el_pr/us_gop_immigration

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Scientists find monster black holes, biggest yet

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) ? Scientists have found the biggest black holes known to exist ? each one 10 billion times the size of our sun.

A team led by an astronomer at the University of California at Berkeley discovered the two gigantic black holes in clusters of galaxies 300 million light years away. That's relatively close on the galactic scale.

The previous black hole record-holder is as large as 6 billion suns. A black hole is formed by the collapse of a super-size star. It's a region where nothing, not even light, can escape.

The scientists say their findings suggest differences in the way black holes grow, depending on the size of the galaxy.

The research was released Monday by the journal Nature.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/b2f0ca3a594644ee9e50a8ec4ce2d6de/Article_2011-12-05-SCI--Black%20Holes/id-679985bf02e249bf81cea1f8376f63c3

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2.6 million Afghans at risk of hunger from drought

In this Thursday, Nov. 24, 2011 photo, Zara, an Afghan woman, in blue burqa, sits close to her received sack containing humanitarian aid donated by International Organization for Migration (IOM) for drought-hit families in Mazar-e-Sharif, Balkh province, north of Kabul, Afghanistan. The United Nations appealed for $142 million on Oct. 1 to help those hit by the drought in 14 northern provinces where up to 80 percent of non-irrigated fields yielded little to no crops. So far, about $49 million has been pledged by aid groups, the U.S. and European nations. (AP Photo/Mustafa Najafizada)

In this Thursday, Nov. 24, 2011 photo, Zara, an Afghan woman, in blue burqa, sits close to her received sack containing humanitarian aid donated by International Organization for Migration (IOM) for drought-hit families in Mazar-e-Sharif, Balkh province, north of Kabul, Afghanistan. The United Nations appealed for $142 million on Oct. 1 to help those hit by the drought in 14 northern provinces where up to 80 percent of non-irrigated fields yielded little to no crops. So far, about $49 million has been pledged by aid groups, the U.S. and European nations. (AP Photo/Mustafa Najafizada)

In this Thursday, Nov. 24, 2011 photo, an Afghan wheat farmer Mir Ahmad, a 58-year-old receives a sack containing humanitarian aid donated by International Organization for Migration (IOM) for drought-hit families in Mazar-e-Sharif, Balkh province, north of Kabul, Afghanistan. "There was no rain so everything was burned up,'' said Mir Ahmad, a 58-year-old wheat farmer who also moved to Mazar-e-Sharif from the mountains. The United Nations appealed for $142 million on Oct. 1 to help those hit by the drought in 14 northern provinces where up to 80 percent of non-irrigated fields yielded little to no crops. So far, about $49 million has been pledged by aid groups, the U.S. and European nations. (AP Photo/Mustafa Najafizada)

In this Nov. 24, 2011 photo, an Afghan woman clad in a burqa stands near packed bags of humanitarian aid donated by International Organization for Migration (IOM) for drought-hit families in Mazar-e-Sharif, Balkh province, north of Kabul, Afghanistan. The United Nations appealed for $142 million on Oct. 1 to help those hit by the drought in 14 northern provinces where up to 80 percent of non-irrigated fields yielded little to no crops. So far, about $49 million has been pledged by aid groups, the U.S. and European nations. (AP Photo/Mustafa Najafizada)

MAZAR-E-SHARIF, Afghanistan (AP) ? Zara, an Afghan mother of seven, doesn't know what to tell her children when they ask about dinner.

"I simply tell them that we must wait until their father gets home to see if he's going to bring anything," she said, speaking from under a dusty blue burqa covering her from head to toe.

Zara, who uses just one name, is one of an estimated 2.6 million Afghans facing food shortages after one of the worst droughts to strike northern Afghanistan in a decade, according to Afghan officials and aid agencies. Already living in poverty in a country at war, many have been left destitute by the drought, which has affected 14 of Afghanistan's 34 provinces ? all in the north.

Wells have dried up. Hundreds of children have been treated for malnutrition. Families are selling their animals at below-market prices. People are moving to cities to try to find food, water, work and, in some cases, a refuge from the fighting.

The Afghan government and aid agencies are racing to help them before snow blocks access to remote areas.

Rahmatullah Zahid, disaster coordinator in Balkh province, which has been hard-hit by the drought, said he is not worried yet about people starving to death, but he wonders how people will survive the winter, especially in remote areas.

"If the weather gets very, very cold in the remote areas and if the aid doesn't come, those families will be in danger of starvation," he said.

Beyond the relief effort, aid officials are trying to figure out how to end a vicious cycle of drought, drought relief and drought again in an area of the country that has suffered water and food shortages in eight of the past 11 years. Instead of trying to cultivate chronically dry land, perhaps farmers could grow almonds or grapes, which require less water than wheat, or industry could be lured to the area to extract its prevalent gas and oil.

Zara and her family moved to Mazar-e-Sharif, the capital of Balkh province, so her husband, whose crops dried up, might find work as a day laborer.

She and hundreds of others who fled the rugged Alburz Mountains in the province gathered last week in a dirt lot in Mazar-e-Sharif to receive large canvas bags of kitchen supplies, blankets, lamps and other items, including a phone card. The aid was distributed by the Norwegian Refugee Council.

"We have very little food," Zara said, squatting next to her aid bag. "If my husband finds work, he can buy some breads and vegetables on his way home, but otherwise there is nothing."

As she spoke, a light mist began to fall. The rain came too late. The crops were ruined months ago.

"There was no rain so everything was burned up," said Mir Ahmad, a 58-year-old wheat farmer who also moved to Mazar-e-Sharif from the mountains.

"There is not much work here in the city right now," he said, fingering a strand of yellow prayer beads as the large blue bags were unloaded from a truck. "Some days there is nothing and I have to borrow food or money to feed my family."

The U.N. issued an appeal for $142 million on Oct. 1 to help those hit by the drought in 14 northern provinces, where up to 80 percent of non-irrigated fields yielded little to no crops. So far, about $49 million has been pledged by aid groups, the U.S. and European nations.

The Afghan government also is distributing about 40,000 tons of wheat, 5,000 tons of rice, 10,000 tons of wheat seed and 20,000 tons of animal feed.

Sayed Anwar Rahmati, the governor of neighboring Sar-e-Pul province, said more aid is needed.

"Every day people are coming and complaining," he said. "The crops were lost and the cattle were seriously affected."

Zainab Noori, a member of the local council in nearby Bamiyan province, said people in six districts were waiting for aid.

"If the aid is not delivered in the next month, the road will be blocked by snow," she said. "At least 50 families have left already to go to Kabul and Iran to find work."

Aidan O'Leary, head of the U.N. office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, said repeated droughts in northern Afghanistan suggest that economic development is needed in addition to drought relief.

"What you're dealing with here is basically trying to maintain a rural, agrarian lifestyle in a climate that might not be conducive," O'Leary said. "What's the solution? Are you looking at better seeds? ... Are you looking at alternative crops? Are you looking at alternative livelihoods?"

With the international focus on pulling troops from Afghanistan, it's difficult to get nations sending development aid to discuss long-term solutions that would end the need for drought relief in the north every couple of years, he said. Compounding the problem is that while international aid has been flowing into Afghanistan for years, only a fraction has been targeted to reducing poverty, he said.

O'Leary noted a World Bank report this month that said the expected decline in international aid will have only a modest impact on the poor. The report said the majority of aid was spent to improve security and governance mostly in more urban areas where there is less poverty.

Ironically, it rained both days last week that O'Leary traveled to the north to check on drought aid with Michael Keating, deputy special representative of the U.N. secretary-general for Afghanistan with responsibility for relief, recovery and reconstruction. The first day it sprinkled. The second day it poured. Muddy water filled deep ruts in unpaved roads in Dawlat Abad district.

Keating and O'Leary tried to visit a nearby village, but one of the heavily armored U.N. vehicles in their convoy got stuck. They left the vehicle, turned around and drove on better roads to their next stop: a medical center where children are being treated for acute malnutrition.

The number of cases of malnutrition treated at the clinic increased threefold after the drought, said Dr. Said Mahmood Shah, nutrition coordinator for Save the Children. In the summer months, up to 90 malnourished children showed up at the center where a tiny office was crowded with cardboard boxes of eeZee Paste Nut, a peanut butter-like food with high energy, proteins and nutrients.

Now, rain, snow and poor roads have prevented some children from getting help, Shah said. "There are lots of cases, but they can't get here," he said.

The last stop was a meeting with villagers, including women who had received seeds and tools as part of a backyard garden project run by ActionAid, a British aid group.

One of the women, Jan Bibi, said that because of the drought, she and 10 other members of her family eat only once a day. Bibi, who is in her 70s with no land or home of her own, said she had not eaten meat for six to eight weeks.

"We are sticking to one meal a day," Bibi said, holding up a forefinger. "This year, it's really, really bad."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2011-12-03-AS-Afghan-Empty-Plates/id-08808a90fc974989a505312ad685c835

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